You must always give credit to those whose research you use in your paper. When writing in Chicago format, you can do that by using footnotes or endnotes. These notations give readers enough information to refer to your bibliography and locate the original source. By providing accurate notations and an accurate bibliography, you will more likely avoid plagiarism.
Remember, a footnote or endnote is used in the text of your paper. The bibliography is a list of all the sources you noted in your paper. A correctly formatted paper in Chicago style will have both notations and a bibliography.
Last = Last name of author
First= First name of author
pg. = page number. If information spans multiple pages, include range, written 43-4.
pg-pg = page range. Used in bibliographical entries for journal articles or chapters in edited collections, among others. Written 123-7 or 123-35.
Volume = This is a set of issues of a periodical. The volume number can generally be found on the front of a journal, or near the the publisher's information.
Issue= This is the number of the published periodical within that volume (Vol. 12, issue 2). It may also be called the number (Vol. 12, No.2).
DOI: (Digital Object Identifier) gives a digital article or other digital information a unique number to help in identification. These are present in many, but not all, databases.
year: The year of publication is written with four digits - 2015. Month or day is not needed unless specifically requested (e.g. newspaper article).
Location: City where information was published.
Publisher: What company or organization published the information.
The following boxes provide instructions for citing the types of sources you might encounter in your research.
Notation:
1. First Last, Title of Book (Location: Publisher, year), pg.
Bibliographical Entry:
Last, First. Title of Book. Location: Publisher, year.
Notation:
1. First Last and First Last, Title of Book (Location: Publisher, year), pg.
1. First Last, First Last, and First Last, Title of Book (Location: Publisher, year), pg.
Bibliography:
Last, First and First Last. Title of Book. Location: Publisher, year.
Last, First, First Last, and First Last. Title of Book. Location: Publisher, year.
NOTE: eBooks or books found online are cited exactly as their print counterparts, with the addition of a note to inform the reader the format in which you read the book. This could be "PDF ebook," "Kindle book," a web address, or any other descriptor. Include it after the year of publication in the bibliographical entry.
Notation:
1. First Last, and First Last, Title of Book (Location: Publisher, year), web address or other descriptor.
Bibliography:
Last, First and First Last. Title of Book. Location: Publisher, year. web address or other descriptor.
Notation:
1. First Last, Title of Book, ed. First Last (Location: Publisher, year), pg.
Bibliography:
Last, First. Title of Book, Edited by First Last. Location: Publisher, year.
Notation:
First Last, "Title of Chapter/Article/Essay," in Title of Book, ed. First Last (Location: Publisher, year), pg.
Bibliography:
Last, First. "Title of Chapter/Article/Essay." In Title of Book. Edited by First Last, pg-pg. Location: Publisher, year.
If author of introduction is the same person who wrote the book:
Notation:
1. First Last, introduction to Title of Book (Location: Publisher, year), pg.
Bibliography:
Last, First. Introduction to Title of Book. Location: Publisher, year.
If author of introduction is not the author of the larger book:
Notation:
1. First Last, introduction to Title of Book by First Last (Location: Publisher, year) pg-pg.
Bibliography:
Last, First. Introduction to Title of Book, by First Last, pg-pg. Location: Publisher, year.
Notation:
1. First Last, "Title of Article," Title of Journal volume, number (year): pg. Accessed Month Day, Year, web address.
Bibliography:
Last, First. "Title of Article." Title of Journal volume, number (year): pg-pg. Accessed Month Day, Year. Web address.
Notation:
1. First Last, "Title of Article," Title of Journal volume, number (year): pg.
Bibliography:
Last, First. "Title of Article." Title of Journal volume, number (year): pg-pg.
Print:
Notation:
1. First Last, "Title of Article," Title of Magazine, Month year, pg.
Bibliography:
Last, first. "Title of Article." Title of Magazine, Month year.
Online:
Notation:
1. First Last, Title of Article, Title of Magazine, Month day, year, web address.
Bibliography:
Last, First. Title of Article. Title of Magazine, Month day, year. Web address.
Notation:
First Last, "Title of Article," Title of Newspaper (City, State), Month day, year.
Bibliography:
Last, First. "Title of Article." Title of Newspaper (City, State), Month day, year.
NOTE: If the title of the newspaper begins with "The," this word is omitted. News services, such as the Associated Press, are listed in the place of the author. Title of articles should be capitalized in headline style, in which all important words are capitalized.
NOTE: If the article you are citing is unsigned, or does not have an author's name, notation will begin with the title of the article in quotations. In the bibliographic entry, the name of the newspaper stands in for the author's name and is not repeated after the title of the article.
Notation:
1. First Last, "Title of Web Document," Publishing Agency, last modified Month day, year, web address.
Bibliography:
Last, First. "Title of Web Document. Publishing Agency. Last modified Month day, year. Web address.
NOTE: Attempt to collect as much information as possible about the source your are citing.
No author? Begin with "Title of Web Document" and continue citation as written.
No date? Replace "last modified" with "accessed" and note the date you accessed the information.
Notation:
1. Title of the Online Dictionary/Encyclopedia, s.v. "Title of Entry," accessed Month Day, YYYY, web address.
Bibliography:
Last, First. "Title of Entry." In Title of Dictionary/Encyclopedia. Publisher, YYYY.
NOTE: The author's name frequently is NOT used in the notation citation, but if the entry is signed with an author's name, you should include it in your bibliography citation.
NOTE: The abbreviation s.v. stands for sub vero ("under the word") and indicates the title of the specific entry you accessed.
Notation:
1. Title of Item, DD Month YYYY, Title of Manuscript Collection, Holding Institution or Library, City.
Bibliography:
Author Last, First. Title of Manuscript Collection. Holding Institution or Library, City.
NOTE: Records of groups or organizations (without an individual author) should include the name of the corporation, organization, group, society as the author.
